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查看完整版本: 看指标,选绳索

驴友之家 2007-12-25 19:01

看指标,选绳索

<STRONG>看指标,选绳索--专业绳索选购指南</STRONG><FONT size=10>看指标,选绳索(1)——绳索类别<BR><BR><B>看指标,选绳索(1)——绳索类别<BR></B>攀岩主绳是攀登者最重要的一项安全装备,不同类型的攀登对绳索要求的差异很大,挑选时一定要慎重。<BR>目前市场上绳索的品牌款式多种多样,大家的选择也很多,如何能够在琳琅满目的绳索中挑选一款适合自己的绳索呢?其实对比不同品牌的绳索性能也不难,只要仔细察看一下绳索的标签,就不难得出结论。下面我介绍一下购买绳索时所需要注意到的一些问题。<BR>当你拿到一款绳索,首先你要先看一下绳索的标签,每一款绳索都有标签,标签上标注着绳索的最基本数据,而且这些数据是强制标明的,这些数据的真实性是绝对可靠的-因为这些数据不是有厂家随便标出的,而是经权威认证机构检测后得出的。这些信息包括:绳索的品牌、型号、规格、类型、首次冲击力、每米重量、坠落次数、绳索长度、CE认证、UIAA标识等信息。下表为BEAL TOPGUN 型动力绳上所标注的内容:<BR>图片:<BR><A href="http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/shengsuo/P_TOP_GUN_II.jpg" target=_blank><IMG onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open('http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/shengsuo/P_TOP_GUN_II.jpg');}" alt="" src="http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/shengsuo/P_TOP_GUN_II.jpg" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" border=0></A><BR>性能参数:<BR>单绳- UIAA - CE<BR>Single rope - UIAA – CE&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<A href="http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/SHOW/01.gif" target=_blank><IMG onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open('http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/SHOW/01.gif');}" alt="" src="http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/SHOW/01.gif" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" border=0></A><BR>细轴数<BR>Number of bobbins&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 48<BR>每米重量<BR>Weight per metre&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;68 g<BR>首次冲击力实验室数据<BR>Impact force Laboratory&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 7.35-7.40 kN<BR>首次冲击力BEAL标准<BR>BEAL Guaranteed Impact force&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.40 kN<BR>坠落次数实验室数据<BR>Number of falls UIAA Laboratory&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;13-14<BR>坠落次数BEAL标准<BR>BEAL Guaranteed number of falls&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11<BR>外皮滑动率<BR>Sheath slippage&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;0 mm<BR>首次冲击延展率<BR>Extension during the first fall&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;37 %<BR>静力延展率<BR>Static elongation&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 9,5 %<BR>是否经受超强切割测试<BR>Resistance to a factor 1.77 fall<BR>over an edge of radius 0.75mm&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; <A href="http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/SHOW/02.gif" target=_blank><IMG onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open('http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/SHOW/02.gif');}" alt="" src="http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/SHOW/02.gif" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" border=0></A><BR>现在先给大家讲一下以上表格中的第一项数据:动力绳的类别。<BR>动力绳分为:单绳、双绳、对绳,那么如何区分这些绳索呢?咱们先看看他们的定义:<BR>单绳:<A href="http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/yingyongjishu/dansheng.jpg" target=_blank><IMG onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open('http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/yingyongjishu/dansheng.jpg');}" alt="" src="http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/yingyongjishu/dansheng.jpg" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" border=0></A><BR>单绳是常见的绳索类型,其特点是使用中将一股绳挂入一个保护点。当攀登路线不很曲折时,多使用这种绳索。单绳不适合多阶段下降,多用于运动攀登。<BR>双绳:<A href="http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/yingyongjishu/shuangsheng.jpg" target=_blank><IMG onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open('http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/yingyongjishu/shuangsheng.jpg');}" alt="" src="http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/yingyongjishu/shuangsheng.jpg" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" border=0></A><BR>双绳由双股绳索组成,领攀者将双股绳索同时系于安全带上,两个随攀者分别将其中一股绳系于安全带上。领攀者将单股绳挂入锁中,可以减少线路的曲折。这种绳索多用于高山攀登或长路线攀登,在多阶段下降中其优势更加明显。攀登过程中当保护点不是非常牢固时(如使用岩塞、冰锥、岩锥等保护器械)使用双绳是安全的,因为坠落时单股双绳对保护点产生的冲击力比对绳或单绳都要小。在发生石块坠落或是峭脊坠落的情况时,双绳可以为攀登者带来更好的保护。当攀登路线曲折多变且需要坠落冲击力尽可能减小时,您最好将双股绳索分别挂入保护锁中。<BR>对绳:<A href="http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/yingyongjishu/duisheng.jpg" target=_blank><IMG onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open('http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/yingyongjishu/duisheng.jpg');}" alt="" src="http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/yingyongjishu/duisheng.jpg" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" border=0></A><BR>使用对绳时一定要将双股绳索同时挂入保护锁。领攀者和随攀者都必须将双股绳索同时系在安全带上。对绳相较单绳的优点是多阶段下降较为方便。对绳的重量比双绳轻,但严禁单股使用。<BR>此外还有徒步绳:<BR>徒步绳并非严格意义上的第四种绳索,只适用于较简单的徒步路线。徒步绳的直径至少相当于单股的对绳。<BR>那么CE如何分别检测这几类绳索呢?为什么要这样规定呢?<BR>每一条动力绳的测试必须符合EN892-UIAA标准。测试中坠落系数为1.77<BR>1、单绳和对绳<BR>使用80公斤物体进行测试,单股单绳必须能够承受5次以上的标准坠落,双股对绳必须能够承受12次以上的标准坠落。而且首次冲击力必须小于12KN(1200daN)。<BR>*为何使用80公斤物体?<BR>80公斤相当于一个成年人加上装备的平均重量。<BR>*为何首次冲击力不能超过12KN?<BR>12KN是人体所能承受冲击力的极限数值。(研制降落伞时,也以此数据为标准!)<BR>2、双绳<BR>使用55公斤物体进行测试,单股双绳必须能够承受5次以上的标准坠落。且首次冲击力不超过8KN(800daN)<BR>*为何使用55公斤物体?<BR>单股双绳能够承受5次55公斤物体坠落相当于能够承受2次80公斤物体坠落,这对于双绳来说已经足够安全了。因为双绳中的一股通常不会连续、重复承受坠落冲击。<BR>*为何首次冲击力不能超过8KN?<BR>如果单股双绳的首次冲击力达到8KN,在使用双股双绳测试时冲击力将达到13.5KN,这已经超出人体能够承受冲击力的极限值12KN。<BR>*如何使用双绳?什么情况下必须挂单股?<BR>在保护点不是非常牢固的情况下(如使用岩塞、冰锥、岩锥等保护器械时),攀登者必须将单股双绳分别挂入<BR>保护锁,以减小坠落冲击力。同时可以减少路线的曲折以及绳索与保护点之间的摩擦,使绳索发挥最好的缓冲性能。即便对于保护者上方第一个保护点来说,也应该遵循同样的方法。<BR>*将双股双绳同时挂入一个保护锁,会出现什么情况?<BR>此时的坠落冲击力将比挂入单股双绳时增加20%至25%。<BR>*使用牢固保护点时(如使用膨胀钉、挂片),是否可以将双股双绳同时挂入一个保护锁?<BR>一般来说可以,但需要选择相对较直的攀登路线(可借助扁带的长度进行路线调节),否则坠落冲击力较大。<BR>*如何用80公斤物体对双绳进行测试,冲击力数值有何变化?<BR>冲击力数值比使用55公斤物体进行测试时高25%左右。<BR>-大家应如何根据不同的运动选用不同类型的绳索呢?<BR>1.&nbsp;&nbsp;多阶段攀登(攀岩、登山、攀冰)<BR>A.&nbsp;&nbsp;一名随攀者情况:<BR>单绳:<BR>攀登者与保护者分别系于绳索两端。路线垂直度依靠扁带长度进行调节。<BR><A href="http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/yingyongjishu/image1a1-gb.jpg" target=_blank><IMG onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open('http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/yingyongjishu/image1a1-gb.jpg');}" alt="" src="http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/yingyongjishu/image1a1-gb.jpg" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" border=0></A><BR>双绳:<BR>攀登者与保护者分别系于双股双绳的两端(如使用双色双绳,领攀者系在绳索中点位置)。如保护点较牢固(使用膨胀钉、胶合保护点等保护器械),可将两股双绳同时挂入一个保护锁,但需要借助扁带调节路线垂直度。如保护点不是非常牢固(使用冰锥、岩锥、岩塞等保护器械),此时必须使用单股双绳以减少冲击力<BR><A href="http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/yingyongjishu/image1a2-gb.jpg" target=_blank><IMG onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open('http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/yingyongjishu/image1a2-gb.jpg');}" alt="" src="http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/yingyongjishu/image1a2-gb.jpg" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" border=0></A><BR>对绳:<BR>攀登者与保护者分别系于双股对绳的两端(如使用双色对绳,领攀者系在绳索中点位置)。路线垂直度依靠扁带长度进行调节。<BR><A href="http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/yingyongjishu/image1a3-gb.jpg" target=_blank><IMG onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open('http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/yingyongjishu/image1a3-gb.jpg');}" alt="" src="http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/yingyongjishu/image1a3-gb.jpg" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" border=0></A><BR>B.&nbsp;&nbsp;两名随攀者情况:<BR>单绳:<BR>只适用于低难度线路。三名攀登者系在同一根绳索上,相互之间保持数米距离。<BR><A href="http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/yingyongjishu/image1b1-gb.jpg" target=_blank><IMG onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open('http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/yingyongjishu/image1b1-gb.jpg');}" alt="" src="http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/yingyongjishu/image1b1-gb.jpg" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" border=0></A><BR>双绳:<BR>领攀者系于两股双绳的一端(如使用双色双绳,领攀者系在绳索中点位置),两名随攀者分别系于单股双绳的一端。在法国,这项攀登技术被称为en fleche(小尖顶)或in arrow(箭头)。<BR><A href="http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/yingyongjishu/image1b2-gb.jpg" target=_blank><IMG onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open('http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/yingyongjishu/image1b2-gb.jpg');}" alt="" src="http://www.snowbird.com.cn/sport/image/beal/yingyongjishu/image1b2-gb.jpg" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" border=0></A><BR></FONT>
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